K-TET EXAM OCTOBER 2022 CATEGORY - III - SOLVED QUESTION PAPER ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, THEORIES OF LEARNING AND TEACHING APTITUDE

 1. What is the most important element of teaching?

1. Teachers - Students relationship

2. Content Knowledge

3. Teaching aids and its use

4. Teaching instruments and its demonstration

Ans: A

The most important element of teaching is often considered to be Teachers - Students relationship.

While content knowledge, teaching aids, and demonstration are important components of effective teaching, the relationship between teachers and students plays a crucial role in creating a positive and conducive learning environment. A strong teacher-student relationship contributes to better communication, understanding, and engagement, fostering a supportive atmosphere for learning and personal development.

2. ‘Vinu learned to conform to group standards’. Which area of Vinu's development does this statement indicate ?

1. Emotional Development

2. Social Development

3. Physical Development

4. Moral Development

Ans: B

The statement "Vinu learned to conform to group standards" indicates Social Development.

Social development involves the acquisition of skills, attitudes, and behaviours that enable individuals to interact effectively with others in their social environment. Conforming to group standards suggests that Vinu is adapting to the expectations and norms of the social group to which he belongs, reflecting a development in his social skills and understanding.

3. A type of creative thinking in which one generate new solutions to problems is known as :

1. Lateral Thinking

2. Divergent Thinking

3. Convergent Thinking

4. Irrational Thinking

Ans: A

Lateral thinking is a concept that psychologist Edward de Bono proposed in 1967. This process describes a person's ability to solve problems using thoughtful solutions beyond logical and deductive reasoning. In simple terms, this process refers to an individual thinking creatively to solve complex challenges. To solve problems, people often rely on logical reasoning. Logical reasoning, which some people refer to as vertical thinking, allows people to solve problems in a direct, straightforward manner. Alternatively, lateral thinking or horizontal thinking enables people to examine things differently. 

4. Develop and apply abstract thinking skills in adolescence, is an example for :

1. Developmental Hazard

2. Developmental Delay

3. Developmental Task

4. None of these

Ans: C

The phrase "Develop and apply abstract thinking skills in adolescence" is an example of a Developmental Task.

Developmental tasks are specific challenges or achievements that individuals are expected to accomplish at various stages of their development. In this case, the task involves the development and application of abstract thinking skills during adolescence, which is a key aspect of cognitive and intellectual growth during that stage of life.

5. If your student asks you a difficult question in the class, what would you do ?

1. Advice to meet after the class

2. Advise him to ask question at the end of the class

3. Encourage to ask more questions

4. Encourage to search answers independently

Ans: C

The most constructive approach when a student asks a difficult question in the class is to encourage them to ask more questions and encourage independent exploration.

Encouraging students to ask questions fosters a positive learning environment and demonstrates that curiosity and inquiry are valued. Suggesting independent exploration empowers students to take an active role in their learning, promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It also encourages self-directed learning and the development of research skills.

6. Rani is a seven year old girl, studying in 2nd standard. According to Erickson's theory which is Rani's stage of development?

1. Initiative Vs Guilt

2. Identity Vs Role confusion

3. Autonomy Vs Shame

4. Industry Vs Inferiority

Ans: D

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, Rani, a seven-year-old girl studying in 2nd standard, is likely in the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority.

The stage of Industry vs. Inferiority occurs during the elementary school years, typically from around 6 to 11 years old. During this stage, children are focused on developing a sense of competence and mastery in various skills and tasks. They seek recognition for their accomplishments, and if they experience success and positive feedback, they develop a sense of industry. However, if they face consistent feelings of failure or inadequacy, it may lead to a sense of inferiority.

7. In stage models of memory, information moves from :

1. Sensory to short-term to long-term memory

2. Sensory to long-term to working memory

3. Short-term to long-term to explicit memory

4. Sensory to eidetic to iconic memory

Ans: A

In stage models of memory, information typically moves from:

Sensory memory to short-term memory to long-term memory.

This represents the sequential processing of information through different memory stores. Information is initially registered in sensory memory, then selectively attended to and transferred to short-term memory. Finally, through processes like rehearsal and encoding, information can be transferred to long-term memory for more permanent storage.

8. Select the most suitable statement related to teaching profession. It is :

1. Very hard and boring

2. Not Challenging

3. To get good salary and reputation

4. An ideal and noble profession

Ans: D

The most suitable statement related to the teaching profession is:

An ideal and noble profession.

Teaching is often considered an ideal and noble profession because educators play a crucial role in shaping the future by imparting knowledge, skills, and values to the next generation. Teachers contribute significantly to the intellectual, social, and emotional development of their students, making a positive impact on society. The statement reflects the perception that teaching is a noble pursuit with the goal of fostering learning and personal growth in students.

9. Fifteen year old Joshy's mental age is 18. What is his IQ ?

1. 130

2. 120

3. 110

4. 100

Ans: B

10. Kesav is above average in his intelligence. His grade in reading, spelling, science and Social science are very low. His score in mathematics is high. Kesav has most likely to have :

1. Dyslexia

2. Dysgraphia

3. Dyscalculia

4. Dysphasia

Ans: A

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that primarily affects a person's ability to read, spell, and write. It is a neurobiological condition that involves difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.

Characteristics of dyslexia may include:

1. Difficulty with Phonological Processing: Challenges in recognizing and manipulating the sounds of spoken language.

2. Difficulty with Word Decoding: Struggles with translating written words into spoken language.

3. Difficulty with Spelling: Challenges in spelling words correctly.

4. Slow Reading and Writing: Reading and writing may be slow and laborious.

5. Difficulty with Sequencing: Issues with the order of letters or numbers.

6. Difficulty with Memory: Challenges in working memory, especially with remembering sequences, instructions, or details.

It's important to note that individuals with dyslexia often have average to above-average intelligence and can excel in areas unrelated to reading and writing. Early identification and appropriate interventions, such as specialized reading programs, can help individuals with dyslexia overcome challenges and succeed academically.

11. ADHD can be properly diagnosed by using :

1. Interview Method

2. Sociometry

3. Behaviour rating scales

4. Experimental Method

Ans: C

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment that includes information from multiple sources. The diagnosis involves gathering information about the individual's behaviour, symptoms, and functioning across different settings. Behavior Rating Scales: Standardized behaviour rating scales completed by parents, teachers, or other observers to assess ADHD symptoms and their impact on daily functioning.

12. A series of actions, or a thought process used in meeting a stressful or unpleasant situation is known as :

1. Conflict

2. Frustration

3. Coping

4. Denial

Ans: C

The correct term for a series of actions or a thought process used in meeting a stressful or unpleasant situation is Coping. Coping refers to the efforts and strategies individuals employ to manage, tolerate, or adapt to the challenges and stressors they face. Coping mechanisms can vary widely and may include both adaptive and maladaptive strategies.

Some common coping strategies include problem-solving, seeking social support, emotional expression, distraction, positive reframing, and relaxation techniques. Individuals may use different coping mechanisms depending on the nature of the stressor and their personal preferences.

It's important to note that effective coping strategies contribute to better psychological well-being and resilience in the face of challenges. On the other hand, maladaptive coping mechanisms may provide short-term relief but can have negative long-term consequences.

13. The major purpose of ICT integration in Educations is for :

1. Enhancing student involvement

2. To make friendly classroom environment

3. Optimizing learning outcomes

4. To make teaching easy for teachers

Ans: C

The major purpose of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) integration in education encompasses a range of goals, and all the options mentioned can be considered relevant aspects. However, a comprehensive perspective includes:

Optimizing Learning Outcomes:ICT integration aims to enhance the overall learning experience for students. It provides access to a wealth of resources, facilitates interactive learning, and supports personalized and differentiated instruction.

14. Changing level of support for Learning is called :

1. Compensating

2. Tutoring

3. Scaffolding

4. Instructing

Ans: C

Changing the level of support for learning is called Scaffolding. Scaffolding is a teaching strategy introduced by Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist. It involves providing temporary support to learners in the form of guidance, prompts, or assistance that helps them accomplish tasks or solve problems beyond their current independent capability.

The idea is to adjust the level of support based on the learner's needs, gradually decreasing the assistance as the learner gains competence and independence. Scaffolding is designed to bridge the gap between the learner's current understanding and the learning goal, facilitating skill development and comprehension.

15. Which is not correct in principles of development?

1. Development is from top to bottom

2. Development is from bottom to top

3. Development is from near to far

4. Development is spiral not linear

Ans: B

The statement "Development is from bottom to top" is not correct in the principles of development.

16. Moosa is having excellent ability in reasoning and finding logical relationships. This ability can be termed as :

1. Transitivity

2. Consistency

3. Conservation

4. Seriation

Ans: A

The ability of Moosa to find logical relationships and reason effectively is related to the cognitive skill known as Transitivity. Transitivity refers to the ability to understand and logically deduce relationships between elements, even when the relationships are not explicitly stated. It involves recognizing patterns, making connections, and drawing conclusions based on logical reasoning.

17. Select the correct and suitable statement for metacognition.

1. Thinking about how others think.

2. Thinking about how others think about me.

3. Thinking about how others feel.

4. Thinking about one's own thinking.

Ans: D

The correct and suitable statement for metacognition is: Thinking about one's own thinking.

Metacognition refers to the ability to think about one's own thinking processes. It involves being aware of and understanding one's own cognitive processes, including thoughts, knowledge, and strategies for learning or problem-solving. Individuals who engage in metacognition reflect on their thinking, monitor their cognitive activities, and regulate their learning or problem-solving based on this self-awareness.

In educational contexts, metacognition is often associated with activities such as setting goals, planning, monitoring progress, and evaluating the effectiveness of strategies. It allows individuals to assess their understanding, identify areas of confusion, and make adjustments to enhance their learning or problem-solving outcomes.

For example, a student using metacognition might ask themselves questions like:

- What do I already know about this topic?

- What are my goals for learning this material?

- Am I understanding the key concepts, or do I need to review?

- What strategies can I use to improve my understanding?

By engaging in metacognitive processes, individuals can become more effective learners and problem-solvers by taking an active role in their own cognitive development.

18. Which age group is defined as covered under juvenile delinquency?

1. Under 15

2. Under 16

3. Under 17

4. Under 18

Ans: D

Juvenile delinquency typically refers to the participation of minors, individuals under a certain age, in illegal or antisocial activities. The age at which an individual is considered a juvenile can vary by jurisdiction, but it often includes those under the age of 18. Therefore, the age group commonly associated with juvenile delinquency is "Under 18."

19. The type of conflict in which the goal of the individual has both positive valence of approximate equal intensity is known as :

1. Approach - Approach Conflict

2. Approach - Avoidance Conflict

3. Avoidance - Avoidance Conflict

4. None of these

Ans: A

The type of conflict in which the goal of the individual has both positive valence of approximately equal intensity is known as "Approach-Approach Conflict." In this situation, the individual is faced with two desirable options but must choose between them, creating a conflict of decision-making.

20. A four-year-old child is dancing for getting candy from her mother. This is an example for: 

1. Extrinsic Motivation

2. Achievement Motivation

3. Intrinsic Motivation

4. Physiological Motivation

Ans: A

The example you provided, where a four-year-old child is dancing to get candy from her mother, is an example of Extrinsic Motivation. Extrinsic motivation refers to engaging in a behaviour or activity to obtain a reward or avoid a punishment from an external source, rather than for the inherent enjoyment or satisfaction of the activity itself. In this case, the child is motivated to dance by the external reward of receiving candy from the mother.

21. Special toys for children between the age group of 4 to 12 which is specially designed to cater the emotional and mental development is named as :

1. Spiral Curriculum

2. Bloom's Taxonomy

3. Programmed learning

4. Didactic Apparatus

Ans: D

The term that best fits the description of special toys designed to cater to the emotional and mental development of children between the age group of 4 to 12 is "Didactic Apparatus." Didactic apparatus refers to educational materials or devices that are used to facilitate learning, especially in a hands-on and interactive manner. These toys are often designed to promote cognitive, emotional, and sensory development in children.

22. Select the psychologist who belongs to Gestalt School.

1. Carl Rogers

2. Kurt Lewin

3. Carl Jung

4. Gordon Allport

Ans: B

The psychologist who belongs to the Gestalt School is Kurt Lewin.

23. Who was the Chairman of NEP 2020 drafting committee ?

1. Prof. Yashpal Sharma

2. Prof. G Rajagopal

3. Dr. Khader

4. Dr. K Kasthurirangan

Ans: D

The Chairman of the NEP 2020 (National Education Policy 2020) drafting committee was Dr. K Kasturirangan.

24. Peter Salovey and John Mayor is associated with :

1. Verbal Intelligence

2. Existential Intelligence

3. Emotional Intelligence

4. Social Intelligence

Ans: C

Peter Salovey and John Mayer are associated with Emotional Intelligence. They introduced the concept of emotional intelligence in the early 1990s.

25. Aswin is a high performer in gymnastics. According to Gardener's theory of multiple intelligence, which intelligence helps him to perform ?

1. Existential

2. Bodily Kinesthetic

3. Spiritual

4. Intrapersonal

Ans: B

Aswin's high performance in gymnastics is associated with Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence according to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.

26. Life Skills are behaviours that enable individuals to adapt and deal effectively with the demands and challenges of life. Select the International Organization who suggested 10 major life skills.

1. UNESCO

2. UNICEF

3. WHO

4. WTO

Ans: C

UNESCO suggested the 10 major life skills.

Life skills are behaviours and abilities that enable individuals to adapt and effectively deal with the challenges and demands of life. UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, has identified ten key life skills that are considered essential for personal development and well-being. These skills are:

1. Self-awareness: Understanding one's own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, and values.

2. Critical thinking: Analyzing and evaluating information and situations in a logical and reasoned manner.

3. Creative thinking: Generating new ideas, thinking outside the box, and finding innovative solutions.

4. Decision-making: Making effective decisions based on a thoughtful evaluation of available options.

5. Problem-solving: Identifying, analyzing, and solving problems in a systematic and efficient manner.

6. Effective communication: Expressing thoughts, ideas, and feelings clearly and assertively, as well as being a good listener.

7. Interpersonal relationships: Building and maintaining healthy relationships with others, including empathy and conflict resolution.

8. Empathy: Understanding and sharing the feelings of others.

9. Coping with stress: Developing strategies to manage and cope with stress and challenges.

10. Coping with emotions: Recognizing, expressing, and managing one's own emotions in a constructive way.

These life skills are considered crucial for personal development, social interaction, and success in various aspects of life. Incorporating them into education and training programs is seen as beneficial for preparing individuals to navigate the complexities of the modern world.

27. Success of Inclusive education depends on : 

1. Community support

2. Arrangement of classroom

3. Arrangement of learning materials

4. Attitude and approach of teachers

Ans: D

The success of inclusive education depends on various factors, and all the options provided contribute to the overall effectiveness of inclusive practices. However, the attitude and approach of teachers play a particularly crucial role in the success of inclusive education.

28. Select terms associated with Jerome S Bruner.

1. Pre conventional, Conventional, Post conventional

2. Activation, Maintenance, Direction

3. Assimilation, Accommodation, Adaptation

4. Preparation, Incubation, Illumination

Ans: B

The terms associated with Jerome S. Bruner are: 

- Activation, Maintenance, Direction

Jerome S. Bruner was a cognitive psychologist who made significant contributions to the field of education. He proposed the concept of instructional design based on three key processes:

1. Activation: This refers to stimulating the interest and curiosity of learners. In the context of Bruner's ideas, activation involves capturing the learner's attention and sparking their curiosity to engage them in the learning process.

2. Maintenance: This involves keeping the learner's interest and sustaining their engagement throughout the learning experience. Bruner emphasized the importance of maintaining an optimal level of challenge and complexity to promote effective learning.

3. Direction: Direction in Bruner's framework relates to guiding learners through the learning process. It involves providing clear instructions, structuring the content in a meaningful way, and facilitating the acquisition of new knowledge and skills.

Bruner's ideas highlight the significance of actively involving learners in the learning process, maintaining their interest, and providing clear direction for effective learning outcomes. His work has had a lasting impact on educational theories and practices.

29. Select the correct expansion for RCI act passed by Indian Parliament.

1. Rehabilitation Commission of India

2. Rehabilitation Centre for Individuals

3. Rehabilitation Council for Intellectuals

4. Rehabilitation Council of India

Ans: D

The correct expansion for RCI act passed by the Indian Parliament is:

Rehabilitation Council of India

30. In the area of intelligence, WAIS stands for :

1. Wernicke Aphasic Intelligence Scale

2. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

3. Wechsler Aptitude and Intelligence Scale

4. Wernicke Approximate Intelligence Scale

Ans: B

In the area of intelligence, WAIS stands for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

31. The Major Aim of CCE is :

1. Knowledge of the child

2. School based evaluation

3. Mapping changes in child's learning and development

4. Ensuring the emphasis in thought process and emphasis in memorization

Ans: C

The major aim of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is mapping changes in the child's learning and development.

32. The Type theory of personality is associated with :

1. Sheldon

2. Allport

3. Freud

4. Cattel

Ans: A

The Type theory of personality is associated with Sheldon.

William H. Sheldon proposed the Type theory of personality, which is also known as constitutional psychology. According to this theory, there are three primary body types or somatotypes that are related to specific personality characteristics. These somatotypes are:

1. Endomorph: Individuals with a soft, round physique. Sheldon associated this body type with a sociable, relaxed, and comfort-loving personality.

2. Mesomorph: Individuals with a muscular and athletic physique. Sheldon associated this body type with qualities like assertiveness, competitiveness, and an adventurous spirit. Mesomorphs were considered to have a more dominant and active personality.

3. Ectomorph: Individuals with a slim and lean physique. Sheldon associated this body type with qualities like introversion, sensitivity, and a predisposition towards intellectual pursuits. Ectomorphs were considered to have a more reserved and cerebral personality.

It's important to note that the Type theory of personality, especially the association between body types and personality traits, has been widely criticised and is not widely accepted in contemporary psychology. The theory oversimplifies the complex nature of personality, and modern personality theories focus on a broader and more nuanced understanding of individual differences.

33. Ability grouping is a technique designed for :

1. Mentally Challenged

2. Intellectually Gifted

3. Socially Disadvantaged

4. Culturally deprived

Ans: B

Ability grouping is a technique designed for Intellectually Gifted individuals. It involves organizing students into groups based on their perceived ability levels or academic achievements. The goal is to tailor instruction to the specific needs and capabilities of each group. In the context of intellectually gifted students, ability grouping may allow for more challenging and advanced coursework to meet their educational needs. However, it's worth noting that ability grouping has been a topic of debate in education, and there are both supporters and critics of this practice. Critics argue that it can lead to educational inequalities and limit opportunities for students in lower-ability groups.

34. Process involved in thinking, reasoning, judging etc is termed as :

1. Biological Process

2. Co-native Process

3. Cognitive Process

4. Psychomotor Process

Ans: C

The process involved in thinking, reasoning, judging, and other mental activities is termed as Cognitive Process. Cognitive processes encompass a wide range of mental activities related to acquiring, processing, storing, and using information. These processes include perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making, among others. Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding how these mental processes operate and influence behaviour.

35. Select the suitable name of this curve.

1. Convex Curve

2. Concave Curve

3. Positively Accelerated Curve

4. Plateau

Ans: A

A convex learning curve indicates that the learner is making progress rapidly and efficiently. In a convex learning curve, the rate of learning is steeper initially, and then it may gradually taper off as the learner approaches mastery or a plateau.

A learning curve is a graphical representation of how a person's performance or skill improves over time with practice or experience. The convex shape suggests that the learner is quick to acquire new knowledge or skills in the early stages of the learning process.

36. The Prime focus of NCF is :

1. Child Centric learning and learning without burden

2. Child Centric learning and learning through play

3. Child Centric learning and learning with collaboration

4. Child Centric learning and learning with goal orientation

Ans: A

The prime focus of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) is "Child Centric learning and learning without burden." The NCF aims to promote a child-centric approach to education, emphasizing holistic development, reducing the burden of rote learning, and fostering a love for learning. The framework encourages an inclusive and flexible curriculum that takes into account the diverse needs and abilities of students.

37. According to Freudian view, Oedipus complex and Electra complex arises during :

1. Anal stage 

2. Oral stage

3. Phallic stage

4. Latency stage

Ans: C

According to the Freudian view, the Oedipus complex and Electra complex arise during the Phallic stage of psychosexual development.

38. Syam is a normal Ninth standard student. Syam fails to attain a predicted level of achievement or does not do well, as expected. There is a discrepancy between his academic potential and how he is performing in school. Syam can be termed as :

1. Low achiever

2. Underachiever

3. Intellectually challenged

4. Differently abled

Ans: B

Syam can be termed as an underachiever.

39. Lekshmi fails to get admission for MBBS but secures admission for B.Pharm. After that she purposefully justifies and argues about the advantages of B.Pharm course, this is an example for :

1. Projection

2. Sublimation

3. Compensation

4. Rationalisation

Ans: D

Lekshmi's behaviour, where she justifies and argues about the advantages of B.Pharm after failing to get admission for MBBS, is an example of rationalisation. Rationalisation is a defense mechanism in which individuals provide logical or reasonable explanations for behaviours or decisions that are actually based on irrational or emotional factors.

40. Guidance is a process of :

1. Giving advice to the child

2. Teaching ethics to the child

3. Providing information to the child

4. Assisting the child in making wise choice

Ans: D

Guidance is a process of assisting the child in making wise choices. It involves providing support, information, and advice to help individuals, especially children, navigate through various life decisions and challenges. The goal of guidance is to help individuals develop the skills and knowledge needed to make informed and responsible choices.