K-TET EXAM FEBRUARY 2022 CATEGORY - III - SOLVED QUESTION PAPER ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, THEORIES OF LEARNING AND TEACHING APTITUDE

 1. In classical conditioning theory, the neutral stimulus later becomes :

1. Unconditioned stimulus

2. Conditioned stimulus

3. Conditioned response

4. None of the above

Ans: B

In classical conditioning theory, the neutral stimulus later becomes the "Conditioned stimulus." Through the process of classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus. Once this association is established, the neutral stimulus is then referred to as the conditioned stimulus.

2. Moral development of the individual largely linked with

1. Physical Development

2. Social Development

3. Cognitive Development

4. Sexual Development

Ans: C

Moral development of the individual is largely linked with "Cognitive Development." According to theories like those of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, moral reasoning and understanding of ethical principles are closely tied to cognitive growth and the ability to think abstractly about moral dilemmas. While social development also plays a role, cognitive development is considered a crucial factor in shaping moral reasoning.

3. Thinking of every possible use is an example for :

1. Convergent Thinking

2. Reasoning

3. Divergent Thinking

4. None of the above

Ans: C

Thinking of every possible use is an example of "Divergent Thinking." Divergent thinking involves the generation of a wide variety of ideas, responses, or solutions in a spontaneous and free-flowing manner. It is the opposite of convergent thinking, which involves focusing on finding a single, correct solution to a problem. Divergent thinking is often associated with creativity and the ability to think broadly about possibilities.

4. Anorexia Nervosa is a —---

1. Sexual Characteristic

2. Eating Disorder

3. Behavioural Problems

4. Menstrual Disorder

Ans: B

Anorexia Nervosa is an "Eating Disorder." It is a serious mental health condition characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to self-imposed starvation and excessive weight loss. It is not related to sexual characteristics, but rather it involves disturbances in eating behaviour and body image.

5. The childhood experience of a learner comes under

1. Nature

2. Nurture

3. Both of them

4. None of them

Ans: B

The childhood experience of a learner comes under the category of "Nurture." The term "nurture" refers to the environmental factors, experiences, and influences that shape an individual's development, including their upbringing, education, and experiences during childhood. The interplay between nature (genetic or biological factors) and nurture contributes to an individual's overall development.

6. A student reads a lot of literary works, because he loves reading, is an example for :

1. Intrinsic Motivation

2. Extrinsic Motivation

3. Negative Reinforcement

4. Positive Reinforcement

Ans: A

A student reading a lot of literary works because they love reading is an example of "Intrinsic Motivation." Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for the inherent satisfaction or enjoyment derived from the activity itself, rather than relying on external rewards or punishments. The motivation comes from within the individual, driven by personal interest, curiosity, or a sense of accomplishment.

7. The Right to Education Act 2009 came into effect from :

1. 1 April 2010

2. 4 August 2009

3. 11 November 2009

4. 01 June 2010

Ans: A

The Right to Education Act, 2009 came into effect from April 1, 2010.

8. Vandalism in adolescence is a

1. Emotional Problems

2. Adjustment Mechanism

3. Sexual Problem

4. Behavioural Problem

Ans: D

Vandalism in adolescence is a "Behavioural Problem." Vandalism involves intentionally damaging or destroying property, and it is considered a behaviour that goes against societal norms and laws. It is often associated with various factors, including impulsivity, peer influence, boredom, and a lack of constructive outlets for energy and creativity. Addressing vandalism typically involves behavioural interventions, community engagement, and addressing underlying issues contributing to the behaviour.

9. Which agency prepared NCF 2005 ?

1. NCTE

2. NCERT

3. NUEPA

4. NCVT

Ans: B

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 was prepared by the "National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)."

10. In Sociogram, the popular students of the class is known as :

1. Star

2. Clique

3. Isolate

4. One way choice

Ans: A

In a Sociogram, the popular students of the class are often referred to as "Stars." A star in a sociogram represents an individual who is well-liked and connected to many others in the group.

11. The IQ level of a learning disabled child should be at least :

1. 75 - 89

2. 90 - 110

3. 60 - 74

4. Below 60

Ans: B

The IQ level of a learning disabled child can vary, and there isn't a specific fixed range. Learning disabilities are not determined solely by IQ scores. However, for diagnostic purposes, it is often considered that a learning disabled child may have an IQ within the average range or above (90 - 110). It's important to note that the identification of learning disabilities involves assessing various factors, including cognitive abilities, academic achievement, and other relevant information.

12. Which among the following is used for providing feedback?

1. Measurement

2. Assessment

3. Evaluation

4. None of the above

Ans: B

"Assessment" is the process used for providing feedback. Assessment involves gathering information about a learner's performance, skills, knowledge, or understanding in a particular context. This information is then used to provide feedback, which can be used for improvement, further learning, or decision-making. Assessment can take various forms, including tests, quizzes, projects, observations, and other methods to evaluate a learner's progress.

13. According to KCF 2007, the 'flexible curriculum' associated with :

1. Preschool Level

2. Primary Level

3. Secondary Level

4. Higher Secondary Level

Ans: B

According to KCF 2007, the 'flexible curriculum' is associated with the Primary Level.

14. When learning in one situation facilitates learning in another situation, it is known as :

1. Positive transfer

2. Negative transfer

3. Neutral transfer

4. Zero transfer

Ans: A

When learning in one situation facilitates learning in another situation, it is known as "Positive transfer." Positive transfer occurs when prior knowledge or skills enhance the learning or performance of a new task or in a different context. It involves a beneficial influence on learning due to the similarities between the two situations or tasks.

15. Which article of the Constitution guarantees access to education as a fundamental right?

1. Article 21A

2. Article 45

3. Article 15

4. Article 46

Ans: A

The fundamental right to education is guaranteed by Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. This article was inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002, which made the right to education for children in the age group of 6 to 14 years a fundamental right.

16. 9 Events of Instruction is associated with the theory of :

1. Jean Piaget

2. David Ausubel

3. Robert Gagne

4. Lev Vygotsky

Ans: C

The "9 Events of Instruction" are associated with the instructional design theory developed by Robert Gagne. Robert Gagne was a psychologist and educator who made significant contributions to the field of instructional design. The 9 Events of Instruction provide a framework for designing effective learning experiences and guiding the instructional process.

The "9 Events of Instruction" is a framework developed by Robert Gagne, a psychologist and educational theorist, to guide the design and delivery of effective instructional materials. These events are steps or conditions that are considered essential for promoting learning and retention. The 9 Events of Instruction are:

1. Gaining Attention (Reception): Capture the learners' interest and focus their attention on the upcoming content.

2. Informing Learners of the Objective (Expectancy): Clearly state the learning objectives, helping learners understand what they are expected to achieve.

3. Stimulating Recall of Prior Learning (Retrieval): Activate relevant prior knowledge or experiences that learners can connect to the new information.

4. Presenting the Stimulus Material (Selective Perception): Deliver the instructional content in a clear, organized, and engaging manner. This is where the main teaching and learning occur.

5. Providing Learning Guidance (Semantic Encoding): Assist learners in understanding and organizing the new information by providing guidance, examples, and explanations.

6. Eliciting Performance (Responding): Encourage learners to actively apply what they have learned through exercises, activities, or assessments.

7. Providing Feedback (Reinforcement): Offer feedback on learners' performance, reinforcing correct responses and correcting errors.

8. Assessing Performance (Retrieval): Evaluate learners' understanding and skills to determine the effectiveness of the instruction and identify areas for improvement.

9. Enhancing Retention and Transfer (Generalization): Help learners transfer their new knowledge and skills to real-world situations, promoting long-term retention and application.

This instructional design model is based on the idea that effective instruction involves more than just presenting information; it requires careful planning to engage learners, build on prior knowledge, guide learning, and ensure retention and application of new knowledge and skills.

17. The term 'extinction' comes in :

1. Classical Conditioning

2. Operant Conditioning

3. Both in Operant and Classical Conditioning

4. None of the above

Ans: C

The term 'extinction' is associated with both "Classical Conditioning" and "Operant Conditioning." 

In Classical Conditioning, extinction occurs when the conditioned response (CR) weakens and eventually disappears when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented without the unconditioned stimulus (US).

In Operant Conditioning, extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behaviour no longer produces the reinforcing consequence, leading to a decline in the likelihood of the behaviour. This can happen by no longer providing the reinforcement that was maintaining the behaviour.

So, the correct answer is: Both in Operant and Classical Conditioning.

18. Which among the following is NOT a learner centered teaching method ?

1. Project Method

2. Heuristic Method

3. Lecture-Demonstration Method

4. Discussion Method

Ans: C

The "Lecture-Demonstration Method" is typically considered less learner-centered compared to the other methods listed. In a traditional lecture-demonstration, the primary mode of instruction is the teacher presenting information to the students. While demonstrations can add some visual or hands-on elements, it is generally less interactive and participatory than methods like the Project Method, Heuristic Method, or Discussion Method, which encourage active engagement and collaboration among students.

19. In Cooperative Learning, the role of the teacher is NOT as :

1. Facilitator

2. Model

3. Mediator

4. Instructor

Ans: D

In Cooperative Learning, the role of the teacher is NOT typically as an "Instructor." In cooperative learning, the teacher's role is often that of a facilitator, model, and mediator. The emphasis is on guiding and supporting students as they work together, fostering collaboration, and helping students learn from each other. The teacher's role is less centered around direct instruction and more focused on facilitating the learning process within the group.

20. A specific learning disability that affects a person's writing ability is known as :

1. Dyslexia

2. Dyscalculia

3. Dyspraxia

4. Dysgraphia

Ans: D

A specific learning disability that affects a person's writing ability is known as "Dysgraphia." Dysgraphia is a neurological condition that can lead to difficulties in expressing thoughts in writing, organizing written work, and producing legible and coherent written text. It is distinct from dyslexia, which primarily affects reading skills, and dyscalculia, which affects mathematical abilities. Dyspraxia, on the other hand, is a motor planning disorder that can affect various physical activities, including writing.

21. Who among the following is not associated with Gestalt Psychology ?

1. Wolfgang Kohler

2. Bruner

3. Kurt Koffka

4. Max-Wertheimer

Ans: B

Among the options provided, "Bruner" (referring to Jerome Bruner) is not typically associated with the founding figures of Gestalt Psychology. The key figures associated with Gestalt Psychology are Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka. Gestalt psychology focuses on the organization of stimuli into complete and meaningful wholes, emphasizing perception and cognitive processes. Jerome Bruner, on the other hand, was a prominent cognitive psychologist but not specifically associated with the Gestalt school.

22. Who coined the term identity crisis?

1. Freud

2. Kohlberg

3. Erikson

4. Piaget

Ans: C

The term "identity crisis" was coined by Erik Erikson. Erikson, a German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, introduced the concept as part of his psychosocial theory of human development. He used the term to describe the internal conflict and exploration of one's values, beliefs, and identity that occurs during adolescence and young adulthood.

23. Oedipus complex happens in —---

1. Phallic Stage

2. Latency Stage

3. Genital Stage

4. None of the above

Ans: A

The Oedipus complex, according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, occurs in the "Phallic Stage" of psychosexual development. The Phallic Stage typically occurs between the ages of 3 and 6 years and is characterized by a focus on the genital region and the development of the Oedipus complex in boys and the Electra complex in girls.

24. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is coined by :

1. Jerome Bruner

2. Jean Piaget

3. Kurt Lewin

4. Lev Vygotsky

Ans: D

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept coined by Lev Vygotsky, a Soviet psychologist. Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the importance of social interactions and the role of more knowledgeable individuals (such as teachers or peers) in guiding learners to achieve tasks within their Zone of Proximal Development – the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with assistance.

25. On which stage of cognitive development the abstract thinking ability develops?

1. Formal Operational Stage

2. Concrete Operational Stage

3. Pre-operational Stage

4. None of them

Ans: A

The abstract thinking ability develops in the "Formal Operational Stage" of cognitive development, according to Jean Piaget's theory. This stage typically begins around adolescence and continues into adulthood. In the Formal Operational Stage, individuals develop the capacity for abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and the ability to consider possibilities that are not necessarily grounded in concrete experiences.

26. Which of the following neurotransmitter is responsible for emotion?

1. Histamine

2. Serotonin

3. Thyroxin

4. Oxytocin

Ans: B

The neurotransmitter responsible for emotion is "Serotonin." Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in mood regulation, emotional well-being, and overall mental health. Imbalances in serotonin levels have been linked to various mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety.

27. The Subsumption Theory was proposed by :

1. Jerome Bruner

2. David Ausubel

3. Robert Gagne

4. Kurt Lewin

Ans: B

The Subsumption Theory was proposed by "David Ausubel." David Ausubel was an American psychologist known for his contributions to the field of educational psychology. The Subsumption Theory, also known as the Subsumption Theory of Learning, focuses on how new information is related to existing cognitive structures or concepts in an individual's mind. Ausubel's work emphasizes the importance of prior knowledge and meaningful learning in the process of acquiring new knowledge.

28. Which of the following is a Projective aid ?

1. OHP

2. Flash Cards

3. Flannel Board

4. Pegboard

Ans: A

The Overhead Projector (OHP) is a type of projected aid. The OHP is a device that projects images or text onto a screen or wall, typically using transparency sheets. It is commonly used in classrooms and presentations for displaying visual information to a larger audience. 

29. Find out the wrong pair from following :

1. CCE - Right to Education

2. Micro Teaching - Skill improvement

3. Formative Assessment - Midterm Exam

4. Summative Assessment - Promotion

Ans: C

The wrong pair from the options provided is: Formative Assessment - Midterm Exam

Formative assessment is an ongoing, in-process assessment that is conducted during the learning process to provide feedback and guide further instruction. It is not synonymous with a specific type of exam, such as a midterm exam. Formative assessments are designed to inform teaching and learning rather than assigning grades for promotion.

30. Which among the following is a useful tool to generate ideas or find solutions to a problem?

1. Workshop

2. Group Discussion

3. Debate

4. Brainstorming

Ans: D

"Brainstorming" is a useful tool to generate ideas or find solutions to a problem. Brainstorming is a group creativity technique in which members contribute their ideas spontaneously and without judgement. It encourages a free flow of ideas, allowing for creativity and collaboration in generating potential solutions or strategies.

31. In which style of teaching, the teacher gives a lengthy, one-way discussion on a pre-assigned topic ?

1. The Authority Style

2. The Delegator Style

3. The Facilitator Style

4. The Demonstrator Style

Ans: A

The style of teaching in which the teacher gives a lengthy, one-way discussion on a pre-assigned topic is typically associated with "The Authority Style." In this style, the teacher is seen as the primary source of information, and the learning process is more teacher-centered, with less emphasis on interactive or student-centered activities. The teacher assumes the role of an authority figure imparting knowledge to the students.

32. Which among the following is NOT a developmental need in adolescence ?

1. The Need for Self-Definition

2. The Need for Creative Expression

3. The Need for Self Actualisation

4. The Need for Meaningful Participation

Ans: C

The Need for Self Actualization is NOT considered a specific developmental need in adolescence. Self-actualization is a concept associated with fulfilling one's potential and achieving personal growth, typically addressed in the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. While aspects of self-actualization may be relevant in adolescence, the other options mentioned—The Need for Self-Definition, The Need for Creative Expression, and The Need for Meaningful Participation—are often recognized as specific developmental needs during the adolescent period.

33. A test is used for predicting a future performance is known as :

1. Prognostic Test

2. Achievement Test

3. Diagnostic Test

4. None of the above

Ans: A

A test used for predicting future performance is known as a "Prognostic Test." Prognostic tests are designed to assess an individual's potential or likelihood of success in a particular area or activity, typically in the future. These tests are used to make predictions about future performance or outcomes.

34. Which among the following provides quantitative description ?

1. Assessment

2. Measurement

3. Evaluation

4. All the above

Ans: B

"Measurement" provides a quantitative description. Measurement involves the assignment of numerical values to characteristics or attributes of objects or events according to a set of rules. Assessment and evaluation may include quantitative elements, but measurement is specifically focused on obtaining numerical data to describe or quantify a particular aspect of interest.

35. In the Fishbowl debate, how many groups of learners are formed ?

1. Two

2. Three

3. Four

4. None of the above

Ans: B

In a Fishbowl debate, typically two groups of learners are formed. The Fishbowl debate is a structured discussion format where participants are divided into two groups: the inner circle and the outer circle. The inner circle actively engages in the discussion, while the outer circle observes and may take notes. After a set period, the roles can switch, allowing participants in the outer circle to join the active discussion, while those in the inner circle become observers.

36. According to Bruner's Theory of Learning; there are —--- modes of representation.

1. Two

2. Three

3. Four

4. Five

Ans: B

According to Jerome Bruner's Theory of Learning, there are three modes of representation. Bruner proposed the idea of a three-part classification of cognitive representation, consisting of:

1. Enactive representation: Learning through action and movement.

2. Iconic representation: Learning through images and visual stimuli.

3. Symbolic representation: Learning through symbols, including language and mathematical symbols.

These three modes are part of Bruner's theory, which emphasizes the active role of learners in constructing their own knowledge and understanding.

37. The process of maturation is not associated with

1. Motivation

2. Genetics

3. Growth

4. Development

Ans: A

The process of maturation is not directly associated with "Motivation." While maturation refers to the natural unfolding of biological and physical processes over time, motivation is more related to psychological factors that drive behaviour. Maturation is influenced by genetics, growth, and development, but motivation involves the internal and external factors that energize and direct behaviour toward a goal.

38. In learning, the knowledge acquisition process is —--- aspect.

1. Conative

2. Affective

3. Psychomotor

4. Cognitive

Ans: D

In learning, the knowledge acquisition process is a Cognitive aspect. Cognitive processes involve mental activities related to acquiring, processing, storing, and using information. This includes tasks such as perception, memory, problem-solving, and reasoning—all of which contribute to the acquisition of knowledge. The cognitive domain is a major aspect of learning, as identified in Bloom's Taxonomy, which includes levels such as remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

39. The term 'Puzzle Box' is associated with :

1. Pavlov

2. Lewin

3. Bruner

4. Thorndike

Ans: D

The term "Puzzle Box" is associated with Edward Thorndike. Thorndike conducted experiments using puzzle boxes with animals, particularly cats, to study learning and the principles of connectionism. The puzzle box was a controlled environment that allowed Thorndike to observe and measure how animals learned to escape or solve problems through trial and error. Thorndike's work laid the foundation for his influential theories in the field of behaviourism and learning theory.

40. The last stage of creative process is :

1. Verification

2. Preparation

3. Incubation

4. Illumination

Ans: A

The last stage of the creative process is Verification. The creative process is often described in stages, and while different models may have variations, verification typically follows the stages of preparation, incubation, illumination, and then verification. In the verification stage, the creative idea is tested, refined, and validated to ensure its effectiveness and viability.