1. "I go for cycling everyday. I just love it. I spare some time for it everyday from my busy work schedule". This is an example for:
Intrinsic motivation
Praising oneself
Achievement motivation
Self handicapping
Ans: A
The provided statement, "I go for cycling every day. I just love it. I spare some time for it every day from my busy work schedule," is an example of Intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for the inherent satisfaction or pleasure derived from the activity itself. In this case, the individual is motivated to cycle because they love it, indicating an internal desire or enjoyment.
2. Assessment, evaluation and mentoring are equally important in the teaching - learning process. The mentoring portal introduced by Government of Kerala to facilitate school education is :
Samagra
Sahitham
iEXaMS
Kerala results
Ans: B
3. Preparation of lesson plan does not involve:
Identification of learning objective
Plan the specific learning activities
Plan to sequence the lesson in an engaging and meaningful manner
Plan to punish students who does not listen in class
Ans: D
Preparation of a lesson plan does not involve "Plan to punish students who do not listen in class." Lesson planning is primarily focused on creating a structured and organized framework for delivering instruction, including identifying learning objectives, planning specific learning activities, and sequencing the lesson in an engaging and meaningful manner. The goal is to create a positive and supportive learning environment, and punishment planning is not a constructive element in a lesson plan. Instead, classroom management strategies that promote positive behaviour are typically considered.
4. Which of the following are environmental stressors which create unpleasant psychological states in adolescents?
(i) Noise
(ii) Crowding
(iii) Natural disaster
(i) only
(ii) only
(i) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (ii)
Ans: D
The environmental stressors that create unpleasant psychological states in adolescents include:
(i) Noise
(ii) Crowding
(iii) Natural disaster
These environmental stressors can contribute to increased stress levels, anxiety, and other negative psychological states in adolescents. Noise pollution, crowded environments, and exposure to natural disasters can all have an impact on the mental well-being of individuals, including adolescents.
5. Which among the following is not an assumption on Life Span Perspective (LSP) on development?
Development is lifelong
Development is influenced by historical conditions
Development is unidirectional
Development is highly plastic
Ans: C
Among the options provided, the assumption that is not consistent with the Life Span Perspective (LSP) on development is: Development is unidirectional.
The Life Span Perspective emphasizes that development is multidirectional, meaning it involves both growth and decline, gains and losses, throughout the entire lifespan. Unidirectional development, which implies a continuous and irreversible progression in a single direction, does not align with the dynamic and multidimensional nature emphasized by the Life Span Perspective.
6. Some pairs regarding experiments conducted by psychologists are given. The incorrect pair is:
Pavlov - Dog
Thorndike - Cat
Kohler - Pigeon
Skinner - Rat
Ans: C
The incorrect pair is: Kohler - Pigeon
Wolfgang Kohler is known for his experiments with chimpanzees, not pigeons. He conducted studies on insight learning with chimpanzees on the island of Tenerife, which contributed to the understanding of problem-solving and cognitive processes in animals. The other pairs are accurate with Pavlov's work on classical conditioning with dogs, Thorndike's studies on learning with cats, and Skinner's experiments on operant conditioning with rats.
7. In Pavlov's experiment conducted on dog, the unconditioned and conditioned response is related with :
Meat powder
Salivation
Cage
Bell
Ans: B
In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs, the unconditioned response (UCR) and conditioned response (CR) are related to Salivation.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): Salivation in response to the presentation of meat powder. This is an automatic and unlearned response.
- Conditioned Response (CR): Salivation in response to the bell (conditioned stimulus) after it has been paired with the meat powder. The bell, originally a neutral stimulus, becomes associated with the meat powder and elicits a learned response of salivation.
So, the key elements are the meat powder (which naturally leads to salivation) and the bell (which, through conditioning, comes to elicit salivation).
8. Who was the chairperson of the national steering committee for framing NCF - 2005 ?
Prof. R. Ramanujan
Dr. K. Kasthurirangan
Prof. Yash Pal
Dr. Ramachandra Guha
Ans: C
The chairperson of the National Steering Committee for framing the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) in 2005 was Prof. Yash Pal. Prof. Yash Pal was a renowned Indian scientist, educator, and science communicator who played a significant role in shaping education policies in India.
9. Which of the following is not related to Right to Education Act, 2009 ?
It prohibits physical punishment and mental harassment of students
It specifies the duties and responsibilities of appropriate governments, local authority and parents in providing free and compulsory education
It directs the appointment of trained and qualified teachers
It directs free and compulsory education to all children of age 6 to 18
Ans: D
The RTE Act of the Parliament of India was enacted on 4 August 2009 and came into force on 1 April 2010.
• This act is also known as the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act because of its provision of, "the fundamental right of every child between the ages of 6 to 14 with specifies minimum norms in elementary schools."
Important Provisions of RTE are as follows:
Right of children to free and compulsory education till completion of elementary education in neighbourhood school.
It makes provisions for a non-admitted child to be admitted to an age-appropriate class.
It specifies the duties and responsibilities of appropriate Governments, local authorities, and parents in providing free and compulsory education.
It lays down the norms and standards relating to Pupil Teacher Ratios (PTRs), buildings and infrastructure, school-working days, and teacher-working hours.
According to the RTE Act, a teacher will spend a minimum of 45 hours in teaching including preparation hours in a week, and will be prohibited from the practice of private tuition.
It provides for the appointment of appropriately trained teachers, i.e. teachers with the requisite entry and academic qualifications.
The act prohibits physical punishment and mental harassment.
It provides for the development of a curriculum in consonance with the values enshrined in the Constitution, which would ensure the all-round development of the child.
10. Abraham Maslow put forth the idea of hierarchy of needs. Some of the human needs he proposed are :
(i) Physiological needs
(ii) Security and safety needs
(iii) Love and belongingness needs
(iv) Aesthetic needs
(v) Self actualization needs
According to Maslow the correct order of needs is :
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
(ii), (i), (iii), (iv), (v)
(i), (ii), (v), (iii), (iv)
(iii), (iv), (v), (i), (ii)
Ans: A
Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs, and the correct order of needs, according to Maslow, is as follows:
1. (i) Physiological needs
2. (ii) Security and safety needs
3. (iii) Love and belongingness needs
4. (iv) Esteem needs
5. (v) Self-actualization needs
Maslow's hierarchy suggests that individuals seek to fulfil lower-level needs before progressing to higher-level needs. The hierarchy represents a pyramid, with physiological needs forming the base and self-actualization needs at the top.
11. Psychosocial Learning theory was proposed by :
Bruner
Eric H. Erikson
Piaget
Sigmund Freud
Ans: B
The Psychosocial Learning Theory was proposed by Eric H. Erikson. Erik Erikson, a German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, extended Freud's work on psychosexual stages of development by introducing psychosocial stages. Erikson's theory focuses on the social and emotional aspects of development across the lifespan, emphasizing the importance of social interactions and relationships in shaping an individual's identity and personality.
12. The educational portal of Kerala Government, 'Samagra' is useful in accessing resources except :
e-resources and edutainment
Question bank and general resources
Soft copies of textbooks for standard 1 to 12
Curriculum of D.El.Ed
Ans: D
The educational portal 'Samagra' of the Kerala Government is useful in accessing resources except for the "Curriculum of D.El.Ed." (Diploma in Elementary Education). While Samagra provides various resources such as e-resources, question banks, general resources, and soft copies of textbooks for standards 1 to 12, it may not specifically include the curriculum for Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed), as it may have a separate platform or section for teacher education curriculum and resources.
13. The psychologist who wrote the book "Adolescence" and described adolescence as "a time of storm and stress" is :
Thorndike
Stanley Hall
Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Ans: B
The psychologist who wrote the book "Adolescence" and described adolescence as "a time of storm and stress" is Stanley Hall. Stanley Hall is credited with pioneering the scientific study of adolescence and coining the term "storm and stress" to characterize the challenges and emotional turmoil often associated with this period of development.
14. An intelligence test is conducted for two students A and B having 10 years old. The mental age of A is found to be 10 and that of B is 14. From this one can arrive at the conclusion.
IQ level of both the students are same
IQ level of A is greater than that of B
IQ level of B is greater than that of A
Both the students are low level of IQ
Ans: C
To determine the IQ (Intelligence Quotient) level, we can use the formula:
Therefore, the correct conclusion is: IQ level of B is greater than that of A. Student B's IQ is higher because the ratio of their mental age to chronological age is greater.
15. Learning process involves three stages, Enactive stage, Iconic stage and Symbolic stage. This concept was introduced by :
Jerome S. Bruner
Albert Bandura
Abraham Maslow
Jean Piaget
Ans: A
The concept of the learning process involving three stages - Enactive stage, Iconic stage, and Symbolic stage - was introduced by Jerome S. Bruner. Bruner emphasized the role of active involvement in learning and the progressive use of different modes of representation, including enactive (action-based), iconic (image-based), and symbolic (language-based) stages.
16. Which type of class leadership is best in classroom management ?
Authoritarian
Flexible
Democratic
Rigid
Ans: C
The type of class leadership often considered best in classroom management is Democratic leadership. Democratic leadership involves shared decision-making and collaboration between the teacher and students. It encourages active participation, open communication, and a sense of responsibility among students. This approach is believed to promote a positive and inclusive classroom environment, fostering a sense of community and cooperation. Students may feel more engaged and motivated when they have a voice in decision-making processes.
17. If a student is not giving answer to the question that you asked during teaching - learning process in classroom, the teacher should :
Give the correct answer loudly
Ask the student to write the answer 100 times
Try to understand why that student was not able to give correct answer
Scold him and give mild punishment
Ans: C
If a student is not giving an answer during the teaching-learning process in the classroom, a constructive approach would be for the teacher to:
Try to understand why that student was not able to give the correct answer.
Scolding or giving punishments may not be effective in addressing the root cause of the issue. The teacher should strive to create a supportive and encouraging learning environment, understanding the student's perspective and potential challenges they may be facing. It's essential to encourage open communication and provide additional support or clarification if needed.
18. Which of the following is not a primary task in the instructional process involved in teaching?
Choosing objectives
Understanding student characteristics
Selecting and using methods and practices of teaching
Obey the instructions given by headmaster
Ans: D
"Obey the instructions given by the headmaster" is not a primary task in the instructional process involved in teaching. The other options—choosing objectives, understanding student characteristics, and selecting and using methods and practices of teaching—are essential tasks that contribute directly to effective instructional planning and delivery in the teaching process. Following instructions from the headmaster is more related to administrative or organizational aspects and is not a direct instructional task.
19. Personality is a learned response to patterns of reinforcement or personality can be explained in terms of the effects of external stimuli on behaviour. This statement is based on the theory :
Behaviourist theory
Psycho analytical theory
Social cognitive theory
Humanistic theory
Ans: A
The statement "Personality is a learned response to patterns of reinforcement or personality can be explained in terms of the effects of external stimuli on behaviour" is based on the Behaviorist theory. The Behaviorist perspective, associated with psychologists like B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of external stimuli and environmental factors in shaping and determining behaviour, including personality traits. According to behaviourism, behaviours are learned through interactions with the environment and reinforcement.
20. The process of child development begins at —--- stage.
Birth
Natal
Embryonic
Childhood
Ans: C
The process of child development begins at the Embryonic stage. The Embryonic stage occurs after conception and includes the first eight weeks of development. During this stage, the fertilized egg undergoes rapid cell division and begins to differentiate into different cell types, leading to the formation of the embryonic layers and the initial development of major organ systems. The subsequent stages include the foetal stage and, after birth, the stages of infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
21. The factor which do not affect teaching - learning process is :
Classroom environment
Use of effective methodology
Financial status of learner
Use of teaching aids
Ans: C
The factor that does not directly affect the teaching-learning process is:
Financial status of the learner.
While the financial status of learners can indirectly influence aspects of their educational experience, such as access to resources or educational opportunities outside the classroom, it is not a direct factor within the teaching-learning process itself. In contrast, the other options—classroom environment, use of effective methodology, and use of teaching aids—are more directly related to the instructional process within the classroom.
22. The factor which affect least in the teaching-learning process is :
Learning environment
Teaching methodology
Personality of teacher
Attention and interest of learners
Ans: C
The factor that affects least in the teaching-learning process among the options provided is: Personality of the teacher.
While the personality of the teacher can influence the learning environment to some extent, factors such as teaching methodology, attention, and interest of learners generally have a more direct impact on the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process. The teacher's personality may play a role in creating a positive and supportive learning environment, but its influence is often secondary compared to other factors.
23. Which theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud?
Psychoanalytic
Gender based
Psychosocial
Behaviouristic
Ans: A
The theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud is the Psychoanalytic theory. Freud's psychoanalytic theory is one of the earliest and most influential theories of personality, emphasizing the role of unconscious processes, the importance of early childhood experiences, and the interplay of different components of the mind (such as the id, ego, and superego) in shaping personality.
24. Consider the following two situations.
Situation 1: An adolescent person is singing music in front of an audience.
Situation 2: An adolescent person is running in a race with four other athletes.
Which of the following factors is present in situation 2, but not in situation 1 ?
Arousal
Evaluation apprehension
Competition
Familiar task
Ans: C
The factor present in situation 2 but not in situation 1 is Competition.
In Situation 2, the adolescent person is running in a race with four other athletes, indicating a competitive context. Competition involves striving to outperform others and can influence performance and arousal levels. In contrast, Situation 1 involves singing music in front of an audience, which may not necessarily have a competitive element.
25. Curriculum means :
The summary of the topics covered or units to be taught in the particular subject.
The standard sequence of planned experiences that students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills.
A small part of a course of instruction.
A document that outlines the content of a lesson that is to be taught in one day.
Ans: B
Curriculum means:
The standard sequence of planned experiences that students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills.
Curriculum refers to the overall plan of educational experiences designed to promote the development and learning of students. It encompasses the structured set of intended learning outcomes, content, methods of teaching, and assessment strategies that guide the educational process over a specific period. It goes beyond a mere summary of topics and includes a comprehensive plan for fostering learning and skill development.
26. NCF - 2005 suggests teaching - learning process to be as :
Teaching is a process for construction of knowledge
Teaching should not be beyond imparting of information
Teaching - learning process should be through only experimentation method
For more content transaction, teaching should be done through lecture method
Ans: A
NCF - 2005 suggests the teaching-learning process to be: Teaching is a process for the construction of knowledge.
NCF - 2005 emphasizes a learner-centered and constructivist approach to teaching and learning. It encourages educators to view teaching as a process that facilitates the active construction of knowledge by students rather than a mere transmission of information. This approach supports hands-on, experiential learning and the development of critical thinking skills.
27. Teaching through inductive method is:
From general to specific
From easy to difficult
From difficult to easy
From specific to general
Ans: D
Teaching through the inductive method involves moving: From specific to general.
Inductive reasoning is characterized by starting with specific observations or details and then generating general principles or theories based on those specifics. In the inductive method of teaching, students are typically presented with specific examples, experiences, or data, and they are guided to derive general principles or concepts from those specifics.
28. Inductive thought is :
Intuitive and haphazard thought
Thought which infers a principle from a series of specific examples or situations
Thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations
Random and illogical thought
Ans: B
Inductive thought is thought that infers a principle from a series of specific examples or situations.
It involves deriving generalizations or principles based on specific observations or evidence. Inductive reasoning moves from the particular to the general, using specific instances to form broader conclusions or patterns.
29. Adolescent thinking is systematic in problem solving. Piaget called this type of logical thinking as —---
Trial and error method
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Pre-operational thought
Intuitive thought
Ans: B
Piaget called the systematic, logical thinking in adolescents Hypothetical Deductive Reasoning.
Hypothetical Deductive Reasoning involves the ability to form hypotheses and systematically test them to arrive at a solution to a problem. During adolescence, individuals become capable of more abstract and formal operational thinking, allowing them to engage in this type of logical problem-solving.
30. The psychologist who explained knowledge development as a process of equilibrium using two main concepts, assimilation and accommodation is —-----
Jerome S. Bruner
Albert Bandura
Abraham Maslow
Jean Piaget
Ans: D
The psychologist who explained knowledge development as a process of equilibrium using two main concepts, assimilation and accommodation, is Jean Piaget. Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the dynamic interplay between assimilation (fitting new information into existing cognitive structures) and accommodation (adjusting existing cognitive structures to accommodate new information).
31. Zero transfer is otherwise known as :
Positive transfer
Negative transfer
Neutral transfer
Enhanced transfer
Ans: C
Zero transfer is otherwise known as Neutral transfer.
Zero transfer occurs when the skills, knowledge, or learning from one situation has no effect on performance in another situation. It neither enhances nor hinders performance in the new context.
32. Consider the following statements and select the correct choice.
(i) Learning which involves the act of discrimination is called discrimination learning.
(ii) Learning which involves the using of some machines is called motor learning.
(iii) Learning which involves the formation of concepts is called concept learning.
(i) and (ii) are correct
(i), (ii) and iii) are correct
(ii) and (iii) are correct
(i) and (iii) are correct
Ans: D
Among the given statements:
(i) Learning which involves the act of discrimination is called discrimination learning. (Correct)
- Discrimination learning involves acquiring the ability to distinguish between different stimuli or responses.
(ii) Learning which involves the using of some machines is called motor learning. (Incorrect)
- Motor learning refers to the acquisition of motor skills and coordination, not necessarily involving machines.
(iii) Learning which involves the formation of concepts is called concept learning. (Correct)
- Concept learning involves the development of abstract ideas or mental categories through the identification of common features among different stimuli.
33. Which of the following is not a role of a good teacher ?
Strict discipline maker by giving punishments
Democratic leader all the time especially during classroom activities
Guide and counsellor by understanding students needs
Motivator and Facilitator for all learners
Ans: A
Among the options provided, "Strict discipline maker by giving punishments" is not a role of a good teacher.
A good teacher generally focuses on creating a positive and inclusive learning environment, guiding and supporting students, and motivating them to learn. Strict discipline through punishments may not be the most effective approach in fostering a positive and conducive learning atmosphere. Effective discipline involves fair and consistent strategies that promote a positive classroom culture.
34. The gradual weakening of a conditioned response by repeated stimulations without reinforcement is :
Extinction
Generalisation
Discrimination
Adaptation
Ans: A
The gradual weakening of a conditioned response by repeated stimulations without reinforcement is called Extinction.
Extinction occurs when a conditioned response that was previously reinforced no longer receives reinforcement, leading to a decline in the strength and frequency of that response over time.
35. Freud suggested different psychosexual stages during the development of an individual. The correct order is :
oral, anal, phallic, genital
genital, oral, anal, phallic
anal, oral, phallic, genital
phallic, oral, anal, genital
Ans: A
The correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is:
oral, anal, phallic, genital.
Sigmund Freud proposed a theory of psychosexual development, suggesting that individuals go through distinct stages during their development, each characterized by a focus on a different erogenous zone. Here's an explanation of the stages in the correct order:
1. Oral Stage: This stage occurs during the first 18 months of life. The primary focus is on the mouth as an erogenous zone, and the infant's main source of pleasure and interaction is through oral activities such as sucking.
2. Anal Stage: This stage typically occurs between 18 months and 3 years of age. The focus shifts to the anus as a source of pleasure, primarily related to toilet training and the child's control over bowel movements.
3. Phallic Stage: This stage occurs between 3 and 6 years of age. The focus is on the genital area, and children become aware of gender differences. Freud introduced the concept of the Oedipus complex during this stage, suggesting that children experience unconscious desires for their opposite-sex parent.
4. Genital Stage: This is the final stage, which begins around puberty and continues into adulthood. The focus returns to the genitals, but now it involves mature sexual interests and the development of healthy relationships.
The stages are named after the erogenous zones that play a significant role in each stage of development. It's important to note that while Freud's psychosexual theory has had a significant historical impact, contemporary psychology has moved away from some of its specific concepts and focuses on a more holistic understanding of development.
36. It is common among adolescents to starve themselves in pursuit of getting a slim body. This eating disorder is known as :
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating disorder
Rumination disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
Ans: D
The eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation and an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to extreme thinness, is known as Anorexia Nervosa. Individuals with anorexia nervosa often have a distorted body image and engage in restrictive eating behaviours, which can have severe health consequences.
37. Teaching strategy is formulated during :
Pre-active stage
Interactive stage
Post-active stage
Experimentation
Ans: A
The formulation of teaching strategy occurs during the Pre-active stage.
In the instructional design process, the pre-active stage involves planning and preparation before the actual teaching takes place. This stage includes setting learning objectives, selecting appropriate teaching methods, and formulating the overall strategy for delivering the content to the learners. The pre-active stage is a crucial phase in instructional planning and strategy development.
38. Match List-I with List-Il and select the correct option.
(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii)
(a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii)
(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i)
(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii)
Ans: B
(a) ADHD - A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
(b) Cerebral Palsy - Group of disorders that affect the movement of muscles
(c) Down Syndrome - (iii) Most common genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in extra genetic material, from chromosome 21.
39. The psychologist who proposed the "The law of effect" is :
Pavlov
Watson
Thorndike
Watson and Rayner
Ans: C
The psychologist who proposed "The Law of Effect" is Edward Thorndike. The Law of Effect states that behaviours followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviours followed by negative consequences are less likely to be repeated. Thorndike's work laid the foundation for the development of operant conditioning principles in behaviourism.
40. The ability of a student to apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems in similar or related situations is known as :
Attitude
Motivation
Transfer of learning
Reinforcement
Ans: C
The ability of a student to apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems in similar or related situations is known as Transfer of Learning.
Transfer of learning involves the application of knowledge, skills, or strategies learned in one context to another context. It reflects the extent to which learning in one situation facilitates performance in a different but related situation.
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