1. Who emphasised the role of culture in learning?
Piaget
Bruner
Vygotsky
Ausubel
Ans: C
Vygotsky emphasized the role of culture in learning.
2. The Law of Organization is the key factor of learning is by :
Constructivism
Gestalt Theory
Connectionism
Associationism
Ans: B
The Law of Organization is a key factor in learning according to Gestalt Theory.
Gestalt Theory, founded by Max Wertheimer, focuses on how people perceive and organize information. The Law of Organization in Gestalt psychology states that humans tend to organize stimuli into meaningful wholes or patterns rather than isolated parts. In the context of learning, this principle suggests that individuals naturally seek to understand and organize information into a coherent structure, influencing how they grasp and retain knowledge. The emphasis is on the holistic nature of perception and cognition, recognizing the importance of the overall organization of information in the learning process.
3. The Fifth Development Stage of Erickson is featured by :
Establish intimate relationship
Contribute to society
Sense of Self
Sense of Accomplishment
Ans: C
The fifth developmental stage of Erikson is characterized by the challenge of "Identity vs. Role Confusion," where individuals seek to establish a "Sense of Self."
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development consist of eight stages, each associated with a specific psychosocial crisis that individuals must navigate. The fifth stage is "Identity vs. Role Confusion," typically occurring during adolescence.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): Infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency of care and responsiveness.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood): Toddlers develop a sense of independence and autonomy when they successfully complete basic tasks.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool): Preschoolers begin to assert control and power over their environment, leading to a sense of initiative or guilt.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age): Children learn to feel competent or inferior based on their ability to acquire new skills and knowledge.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Adolescents explore and develop a sense of identity, including values, beliefs, and life goals, or they may experience role confusion.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood): Young adults seek meaningful relationships and intimacy or may face isolation if unsuccessful.
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood): Adults focus on contributing to society and the next generation or may feel a sense of stagnation.
8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood): In old age, individuals reflect on their life. If they feel a sense of fulfilment, they experience integrity; if not, they may experience despair.
Each stage represents a critical period for psychosocial development, and successful resolution contributes to a person's overall well-being and a healthy personality.
4. According to Freud, which stage is characterised by complete formation and functioning of Ego and Super Ego?
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
Ans: D
According to Freud, the stage characterized by the complete formation and functioning of the Ego and Super Ego is the "Genital Stage."
In Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the Genital Stage is the fifth and final stage of psychosexual development. This stage typically occurs during adolescence and continues into adulthood. It is characterized by the development of mature sexual relationships and the establishment of a well-balanced personality.
During the Genital Stage, the individual's focus shifts from earlier stages, where the emphasis was on specific erogenous zones, to a broader and more mature approach to sexuality. At this stage, the Ego and Super Ego are expected to be fully formed and functioning. The Ego, responsible for mediating between the desires of the Id and the constraints of reality, and the Super Ego, representing societal and moral standards, play crucial roles in navigating mature relationships and behaviours during the Genital Stage. The successful resolution of earlier stages contributes to the development of a healthy and well-adjusted individual at this final stage.
5. Using brainstorm effectively is a :
Teacher-centered Approach
Learner-centered Approach
Behaviouristic Approach
Subject-centered Approach
Ans: B
Using brainstorming effectively is a learner-centered approach, as it actively involves and engages learners in generating ideas and contributing to the learning process.
Brainstorming is a technique that encourages individuals or a group of learners to generate ideas freely and spontaneously on a particular topic. In a learner-centered approach, the emphasis is on actively involving the learners in the learning process, allowing them to take an active role in generating and sharing ideas.
In the context of brainstorming, learners are given the freedom to express their thoughts without judgement. This approach fosters creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration. Learner-centered strategies, such as brainstorming, shift the focus from the teacher imparting knowledge to creating an environment where learners can actively participate, share perspectives, and collectively contribute to the learning experience. This promotes a more dynamic and engaging educational setting.
6. According to KCF 2007 English language learning could be started in:
Pre-school
Standard 1
Standard 2
Standard 3
Ans: B
In the KCF 2007 (Kurikulum Standard Kebangsaan), English language learning is recommended to be started in Standard 1.
7. Last learned things will be best remembered is based on which principle of learning?
Primacy
Recency
Intensity
Effect
Ans: B
The principle stating that the last learned things will be best remembered is based on the "Recency" principle of learning.
8. Which stage of creativity is characterised by “aha” moment?
Preparation
Inoculation
Illumination
Verification
Ans: C
The stage of creativity characterized by the "aha" moment is known as "Illumination."
The stages of the creative problem-solving process, often associated with the work of psychologist Graham Wallas and his four-stage model. Here's a brief explanation of each stage:
1. Preparation: This is the initial stage where an individual gathers information, explores the problem, and begins to formulate ideas. It involves researching, brainstorming, and preparing the mind for the creative process.
2. Incubation: After the preparation stage, the mind enters a period of incubation. During this time, the individual may not be actively thinking about the problem consciously, but the subconscious mind is working on it. This phase allows for the assimilation of information and the development of potential solutions beneath the surface of awareness.
3. Illumination: This is often referred to as the "aha" moment or the sudden insight. It's the point where the individual experiences a breakthrough and gains a new perspective or understanding of the problem. Creative ideas seem to come to light almost unexpectedly during this stage.
4. Verification (or Implementation): Following the illumination, the individual needs to verify and implement the creative solution. This involves testing the idea, refining it, and adapting it to fit the specific context. It's the practical application of the creative insight.
These stages represent a cyclic process, as one creative problem-solving effort often leads to new challenges or iterations, initiating the cycle again.
9. The role of a teacher in a constructive classroom is :
Instructor
Moderator
Facilitator
Trainer
Ans: C
The role of a teacher in a constructive classroom is that of a "Facilitator," fostering an environment where students actively engage in learning and construct their understanding with guidance from the teacher.
10. Integration of Assessment and Learning occurs in :
Diagnostic Assessment
Formative Assessment
Summative Assessment
Self Assessment
Ans: B
The integration of assessment and learning occurs primarily in "Formative Assessment." This type of assessment is designed to provide ongoing feedback during the learning process to enhance understanding and improve performance.
11. The skill of negotiation of a teacher can be useful in:
Preparation
Classroom Management
Delivering Lessons
Facilitation
Ans: B
The skill of negotiation of a teacher can be particularly useful in "Classroom Management," as it helps in navigating and resolving conflicts, establishing rules, and fostering a positive learning environment.
12. Remedial teaching precedes :
Diagnostic Test
Formative Evaluation
Summative Evaluation
CCE
Ans: A
Diagnostic tests serve as the initial step in understanding students' needs, while remedial teaching is the subsequent step that involves targeted and individualized interventions to address those needs. The integration of diagnostic testing and remedial teaching contributes to a more responsive and effective educational system that supports the diverse learning requirements of students.
13. The term 'Spontaneous Recovery' related with —----
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive Learning
Ans: C
The term "Spontaneous Recovery" is related to "Classical Conditioning." It refers to the reappearance of a previously extinguished response (learned during classical conditioning) after a period of rest or absence of the conditioned stimulus.
In classical conditioning, an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus) with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. When the conditioned stimulus is presented alone without the unconditioned stimulus over time, the conditioned response tends to weaken in a process known as extinction.
"Spontaneous Recovery" occurs when, after a rest period following extinction, the conditioned response reappears in response to the conditioned stimulus. This reappearance is spontaneous and not a result of further conditioning trials. It suggests that even though a response may have been extinguished, the association formed during the initial conditioning is not entirely erased, and it can resurface under certain conditions. Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon observed in classical conditioning experiments and provides insights into the persistence of learned associations over time.
14. The term Micro Teaching is associated with:
Skinner
Dwight W. Allen
Kurt Lewin
Robert Sternberg
Ans: B
Microteaching is a teacher training technique that was developed by Dwight W. Allen in the 1960s. The concept involves breaking down the teaching process into "micro" units, allowing teachers to focus on specific teaching skills in a controlled and supportive environment. During microteaching sessions, teachers work with a small group of students or even their peers, practising and refining specific aspects of their teaching, such as lesson delivery, questioning techniques, or classroom management.
15. The word 'adolescere' is from —--- language.
Greek
Latin
Roman
Persian
Ans: B
The word "adolescere" is the Latin origin of the English word "adolescence." In Latin, "adolescere" means "to grow" or "to grow up." The term is associated with the period of development between childhood and adulthood, typically referring to the teenage years. In English, "adolescence" describes the transitional stage of physical and psychological development during which individuals undergo significant growth, both physically and emotionally, as they move toward adulthood. The Latin roots of this word highlight the concept of growth and maturation during this phase of life.
16. The important skill of a ICT enabled classroom teacher is :
Instructor
Trainer
Collaborator
Motivator
Ans: C
An important skill for an ICT-enabled classroom teacher is being a "Collaborator," as it involves effectively integrating technology into collaborative learning experiences and fostering a cooperative and interactive environment among students.
17. Which among the following pairs is incorrect ?
Hierarchy of Learning - Gagne
Skinner - Instrumental Conditioning
Puzzle Box - Thorndike
Kurt Lewin - Discovery Learning
Ans: D
The incorrect pair is "Kurt Lewin - Discovery Learning." Discovery learning is associated with Jerome Bruner, not Kurt Lewin. Kurt Lewin is known for his work in social psychology, particularly for his contributions to field theory and group dynamics.
18. Who is considered as the pioneer in the scientific study of adolescence?
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
Eric Erickson
Stanley Hall
Ans: D
Stanley Hall is considered the pioneer in the scientific study of adolescence.
19. Problem-centered Teaching happens in :
Memory Level
Understanding Level
Reflective Level
All the above
Ans: C
Problem-centered teaching typically occurs at the "Reflective Level." It involves presenting students with real-world problems or scenarios that require them to apply their understanding, analyze the situation, and come up with solutions.
20. A child's uncontrollable and irrational fear of seeing a cat can be explained by :
Social Learning
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
None of the above
Ans: C
A child's uncontrollable and irrational fear of seeing a cat can be explained by "Classical Conditioning." This type of fear may have developed through the association of the cat with a negative experience, leading to a conditioned fear response.
21. Development of Social Consciousness is one of the aims of :
Inclusive Education
Value Education
Moral Education
Vocational Education
Ans: A
Inclusive education and social consciousness are mutually reinforcing concepts. Inclusive education contributes to the development of social consciousness by fostering empathy, breaking stereotypes, and preparing individuals to actively engage in creating a more equitable and inclusive society. Conversely, a socially conscious mindset supports and reinforces the principles and practices of inclusive education. Both are essential components of a holistic and progressive approach to education and societal development.
22. A student works hard in school to get a bicycle offered by his father for his good grades is an example of :
Intrinsic Motivation
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
Extrinsic Motivation
Ans: D
The scenario described, where a student works hard in school to get a bicycle offered by his father for good grades, is an example of "Extrinsic Motivation." The external reward (bicycle) serves as a motivator for the student's academic efforts.
23. Creating a computer programme to explain the phenomena earthquake is an example of :
Training
Workshop
Simulation
Instruction
Ans: C
Creating a computer program to explain the phenomenon of an earthquake is an example of "Simulation."
Simulation involves imitating or replicating real-world processes or phenomena through a model or representation. In the context mentioned, creating a computer program to explain the phenomenon of an earthquake implies developing a simulation that simulates or models how earthquakes occur. This simulation could provide users with an interactive and visual representation of seismic activity, helping them understand the underlying principles and dynamics of earthquakes in a virtual environment. It's a hands-on, experiential learning approach facilitated by technology.
24. Taking private tuition by teachers is against :
NCF 2005
KCF 2007
RTE Act
None of the above
Ans: C
The Right to Education (RTE) Act, officially known as the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, is a legislation enacted by the Government of India in 2009. The RTE Act aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years in India.
25. Learning requires through practice and reward is the principle of :
Thorndike
Skinner
Bruner
Bandura
Ans: A
The principle here is associated with Edward L. Thorndike, an influential psychologist who conducted pioneering research in the early 20th century. The specific principle you mentioned is often encapsulated in Thorndike's Law of Effect, which is a fundamental concept in behaviourism.
26. A slow learner has :
Average intelligence
Below average intelligence
Above average intelligence
High intelligence
Ans: B
A slow learner typically has "Below average intelligence." The term is often used to describe individuals who may take longer to grasp and apply new concepts compared to their peers. It's important to note that intelligence is a complex and multi-faceted trait, and the term "slow learner" is a general characterization that doesn't capture the full spectrum of an individual's abilities or potential.
27. The Spiral Curriculum is associated with —---
Piaget
Bruner
Skinner
Pavlov
Ans: B
The Spiral Curriculum is associated with Jerome Bruner.
28. The common eating disorder affected by adolescent female is :
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating
Excessive eating
Ans: A
The common eating disorder affecting adolescent females is "Anorexia Nervosa."
Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image that results in self-imposed starvation and excessive weight loss. Individuals with anorexia often have an obsessive preoccupation with food, dieting, and body size.
Key features of Anorexia Nervosa include:
1. Restricted Food Intake: Individuals with anorexia severely limit the amount of food they eat, leading to significant weight loss.
2. Fear of Weight Gain: There is an irrational fear of gaining weight or becoming "fat," even if the person is underweight.
3. Body Image Distortion: Anorexic individuals often perceive themselves as overweight despite being underweight, contributing to a distorted body image.
4. Physical and Psychological Consequences: Anorexia can lead to various physical and psychological health issues, including weakness, fatigue, brittle nails, hair loss, hormonal imbalances, and emotional disturbances.
It's a serious mental health condition that requires professional intervention, typically involving a combination of medical, nutritional, and psychological support to address both the physical and psychological aspects of the disorder.
29. Which one among the following is not an element of Cooperative Learning?
Positive Interdependence
Individual Accountability
Group Processing
Autonomy of Learner
Ans: D
"Autonomy of Learner" is not typically considered an element of Cooperative Learning. Cooperative Learning emphasizes positive interdependence, individual accountability, and group processing to foster collaborative learning experiences. The emphasis is on students working together towards common goals, with each member being accountable for their contributions to the group's success. Autonomy of the learner suggests a more independent learning approach, which contrasts with the collaborative nature of Cooperative Learning.
30. Conducting term end examination is an example of :
Diagnostic Evaluation
Formative Evaluation
Summative Evaluation
Continuous Evaluation
Ans: C
Conducting term end examination is an example of "Summative Evaluation."
31. Among the following, which is not the feature of Inclusive Education?
Qualitative Assessment
Child Centered Approach
Segregation
Holistic
Ans: C
"Segregation" is not a feature of Inclusive Education. Inclusive Education promotes the integration of students with diverse abilities and backgrounds into mainstream educational settings, discouraging segregation based on differences and encouraging a more inclusive and equitable learning environment.
32. Who among the following does not belong to Constructivist Approach of learning?
Bruner
Piaget
Vygotsky
Thorndike
Ans: D
Thorndike does not belong to the Constructivist Approach of learning. Unlike Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky, who are associated with constructivism, Thorndike's theories are more aligned with behaviorism, emphasizing the stimulus-response associations in learning.
33. Which among the following is not a secondary sexual characteristic in females?
Hip becomes wider
Body fat increases
Adam's apple development
Enlargement of mammary gland
Ans: C
"Adam's apple development" is not a secondary sexual characteristic in females. It is a characteristic associated with males during puberty due to the growth of the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple). Secondary sexual characteristics in females typically include the widening of hips, increased body fat, and the enlargement of mammary glands.
34. The idea 'Life Space' is associated with :
Bruner
Vygotsky
Kurt Lewin
Piaget
Ans: C
The idea of "Life Space" is associated with Kurt Lewin.
"Life Space" is a concept associated with Kurt Lewin's field theory, a psychological theory that focuses on the individual's interactions with their environment. In Lewin's framework, "Life Space" refers to the totality of psychological influences on an individual at a given point in time. It encompasses the person's thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and experiences within their social and physical environment.
Lewin used the term "Life Space" to emphasize that an individual's behavior is not solely determined by external stimuli but is also influenced by their subjective interpretation and internal psychological processes. Understanding the dynamics of an individual's life space is crucial for comprehending their actions and reactions in a given situation.
In essence, "Life Space" underscores the interconnectedness of the person and their environment, highlighting the reciprocal relationship between an individual's inner world and the external context in which they exist.
35. Zero Rejection Policy is connected with :
Inclusive Education
Special Education
Integrated Education
All the above
Ans: A
The "Zero Rejection Policy" is connected with "Inclusive Education."
36. The main hindrance of Transfer of Learning is :
Ability to generalize
Teacher-centered methods
Meaningful materials
Student centered methods
Ans: B
37. According to Piaget understanding the rules and regulations of a game is the feature of :
Sensorimotor stage
Pre-operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
Ans: D
38. Preparing excellent lesson plans is an example for :
Communication Skill
Writing Skill
Organizational Skill
Discipline Skill
Ans: C
Preparing excellent lesson plans is an example of "Organizational Skill." It involves structuring and organizing instructional content in a coherent and effective manner to facilitate student learning.
39. Learning happens through the meaningful integration between new and previously studied material is the principle of :
Bruner
Ausubel
Thorndike
Piaget
Ans: B
The principle that "learning happens through the meaningful integration between new and previously studied material" is associated with David Ausubel.
David Ausubel, a cognitive psychologist, proposed the theory of meaningful learning. According to Ausubel, meaningful learning occurs when new information is connected and integrated with existing knowledge in a person's cognitive structure. The key principle is the meaningful integration of new information with what is already known.
Ausubel emphasized the importance of advance organizers, which are introductory materials that help learners connect new information to their existing cognitive structure. When learners can relate new concepts or information to what they already understand, it becomes more meaningful and is more likely to be retained.
In summary, Ausubel's theory underscores the significance of meaningful learning, where the assimilation of new knowledge is facilitated by establishing connections with the learner's existing cognitive framework.
40. A student in your class avoids every opportunity for writing and drawing because he has a problem of mirror writing. This may be due to —---
Dyspraxia
Dyslexia
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Ans: D
A student who avoids writing and drawing due to a problem with mirror writing may be experiencing "Dysgraphia." Dysgraphia is a specific learning disability that affects writing abilities, often leading to difficulties with letter formation, spacing, and sometimes mirror writing.
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