INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE APPROACH

INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE APPROACH

INDUCTIVE APPROACH

Induction means to offer a general truth by showing, that if it is true for a particular case. It is true for all such cases. Inductive approach is psychological in nature. Inductive method develops curiosity within the individual which is need of the day. Inductive approach is sponsored by Pestalozzi and Francis Bacon. Inductive approach is based on the process of induction in teaching learning process. In the world of science it is a method of constructing a theory with the help of a sufficient number of concrete, actual and real examples. By using this method of teaching science the students follow the content with great interest and understanding at various levels especially at elementary level. Inductive method proceeds from particular examples to general rules of formulae, concrete illustration to abstract rules, known to unknown and simple to complex.

By using inductive method following steps are used:-

a. Appearance/presentation of Examples

In first step of inductive method teacher shows lot of examples of same type and solutions of all those specific examples are obtained with the help of the student.

b. Observation/Reflection

After solving so many specific examples the students detect and observe these and try to reach some conclusion.

c. Generalization (Simplification)

After second step mean observing presented examples, the educator and students resolve some common rules, laws, formulae or principle by logical mutual discussion.

d. Testing and verification (authentication)

In this fourth step students test and prove the law, rule or principle with the help of other suitable specific examples. So in this way students logically achieve the knowledge of inductive method by following above given steps.

Inductive method makes use of student “perceiving”. In this method the teacher presents students with many examples showing how the concept is used.

DEDUCTIVE APPROACH

Deductive method of teaching is based on deduction. In deductive method we proceed from general to particular and from abstract and concrete. In this method of teaching the educator tells the rule, principal or law to the students and then he sole that rule, principal or law with the help of specific examples. First of all the rules are given and then students are asked to apply these rules to solve more problems. This method is used for teaching science in secondary, higher secondary or higher classes.

Deductive approach proceeds form

o General (rules, laws, principals or formula) to specific (examples)

o Unknown to know

o Abstract law to concrete example

o Complex to simple

Steps in deductive approach

Deductive method of teaching follows the following steps given below for effective teaching

 Clear recognition of the problem

 Search for a tentative hypothesis

 Formulating of a tentative hypothesis

 Verification

Deductive reasoning or logical deduction or “top-down” logic, is the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion. Deductive method of teaching is totally different from inductive method. A deductive method is more teacher-centred approach. This means that the teacher gives the students a new concept, explains it, and then has the students practice using the concept.